IP Rating (Ingress Protection) is an international standard that defines the level of protection provided by electronic devices against the intrusion of solid objects (such as dust) and water. The IP designation consists of two digits, each representing a different type of protection. This makes it easy to determine the conditions in which a device can operate safely without the risk of damage.

First digit – protection against solid objects

• 4 – protection against solid objects larger than 1 mm (e.g., small tools, wires).
• 5 – protection against limited amounts of dust; the device is partially dust-protected and can operate in dusty environments.
• 6 – complete dust protection; dust and particles cannot enter the device.

Second digit – protection against water

• 2 – protection against water droplets falling at an angle of up to 15° from vertical.
• 4 – protection against water splashes from any direction.
• 5 – protection against water jets (e.g., from a nozzle or hose).
• 7 – protection against temporary immersion in water (usually up to 1 meter for about 30 minutes).
• 8 – protection against continuous immersion in water under conditions specified by the manufacturer.

Choosing the appropriate IP rating primarily depends on the environment in which the device will operate. In offices or light warehouse applications, lower protection classes are usually sufficient. However, in industrial environments, logistics, or field operations, devices with higher IP ratings are often used, as they provide greater durability and reliability in demanding conditions.